Navalyze · Flags
Flags of ships reporting to EU MRV, 2025
THETIS-MRV has no flag column, but every report names the ship's port of registry, and each port belongs to one flag state (Monrovia to Liberia, Majuro to the Marshall Islands). Navalyze reads the 723 ways the port is written in 2025 and assigns 86 flags. These are estimates, not official flag data; see how the flag is estimated.
The year at a glance
Largest flags
The 25 flags with most CO₂ in 2025. Bars show emissions; "EU" marks EU/EEA flags.
- Liberia23.2 million t
- Marshall Islands13.5 million t
- Malta · EU13.3 million t
- Panama13.3 million t
- Singapore9.5 million t
- Portugal · EU7.4 million t
- Bahamas7.2 million t
- Denmark · EU6.7 million t
- Hong Kong (China)6.5 million t
- Italy · EU6.4 million t
- Cyprus · EU4.8 million t
- Norway · EU4.4 million t
- Greece · EU4.3 million t
- Netherlands · EU3.3 million t
- Bermuda2.5 million t
- Germany · EU2.4 million t
- France · EU2.3 million t
- Antigua and Barbuda2.3 million t
- Finland · EU1.6 million t
- Spain · EU1.5 million t
- Sweden · EU1.3 million t
- United Kingdom1.3 million t
- Turkiye1.1 million t
- Isle of Man870,237 t
- China822,078 t
Show as table, with ships, fuel and EU ETS
| Flag | Ships | CO₂ | Fuel | CO₂ in EU ETS scope |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 2,927 | 23.2 million t 15% | 7.5 million t | 12.8 million t |
| Marshall Islands | 2,309 | 13.5 million t 9% | 4.4 million t | 7.2 million t |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 1,293 | 13.3 million t 9% | 4.3 million t | 8.1 million t |
| Panama | 1,875 | 13.3 million t 9% | 4.3 million t | 7.4 million t |
| Singapore | 892 | 9.5 million t 6% | 3.1 million t | 4.8 million t |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 832 | 7.4 million t 5% | 2.4 million t | 4.5 million t |
| Bahamas | 729 | 7.2 million t 5% | 2.4 million t | 4.4 million t |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 384 | 6.7 million t 4% | 2.2 million t | 4.2 million t |
| Hong Kong (China) | 575 | 6.5 million t 4% | 2.1 million t | 3.5 million t |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 303 | 6.4 million t 4% | 2.0 million t | 5.2 million t |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 541 | 4.8 million t 3% | 1.5 million t | 2.7 million t |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 580 | 4.4 million t 3% | 1.4 million t | 3.3 million t |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 319 | 4.3 million t 3% | 1.4 million t | 2.2 million t |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 508 | 3.3 million t 2% | 1.0 million t | 2.1 million t |
| Bermuda | 87 | 2.5 million t 2% | 845,163 t | 1.5 million t |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 104 | 2.4 million t 2% | 783,368 t | 1.3 million t |
| FranceEU/EEA | 118 | 2.3 million t 2% | 783,420 t | 1.4 million t |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 512 | 2.3 million t 2% | 730,070 t | 1.4 million t |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 73 | 1.6 million t 1% | 516,162 t | 1.3 million t |
| SpainEU/EEA | 46 | 1.5 million t 1% | 495,551 t | 463,959 t |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 76 | 1.3 million t 1% | 426,920 t | 1.0 million t |
| United Kingdom | 136 | 1.3 million t 1% | 415,814 t | 726,491 t |
| Turkiye | 160 | 1.1 million t 1% | 356,723 t | 643,312 t |
| Isle of Man | 150 | 870,237 t 1% | 279,966 t | 516,697 t |
| China | 236 | 822,078 t 1% | 262,074 t | 485,301 t |
| Other flags (61) | 1,737 | 7.8 million t 5% | 2.5 million t | 4.4 million t |
| Unknown | 395 | 2.8 million t 2% | 918,359 t | 1.6 million t |
Flags over time
CO₂ of the six largest flags of the latest year, in every reporting year. Blank ports are filled from the same ship's other years. This chart stays on CO₂ in every view: CO₂eq and the EU ETS start with 2024.
- Liberia
- Marshall Islands
- Malta
- Panama
- Singapore
- Portugal
EU/EEA flags' share of all CO₂: 2018 40% · 2019 40% · 2020 39% · 2021 42% · 2022 40% · 2023 41% · 2024 39% · 2025 40%
EU/EEA and other flags
EU/EEA means the 27 EU member states, Norway and Iceland. Overseas registers with their own flag, such as the Faroe Islands, Isle of Man, Gibraltar and Bermuda, count as other flags. EU/EEA-flagged ships emit 40% of the CO₂ but owe 43% of the EU ETS allowances: the ETS counts voyages within the EU in full and voyages into or out of the EU by half, and these ships sail more within the EU.
| Flags | Shipsreporting | CO₂emitted, total | vs segment medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EU/EEA flags | 5,413 | 61.7 million t 40% | +8% | +1% |
| Other flags | 12,088 | 88.2 million t 58% | −2% | 0% |
| Unknown flag | 395 | 2.8 million t 2% | – | – |
Top EU/EEA and other flags
The ten largest flags in each group. Choose what to rank by; the CO₂eq switch and the EUA price apply.
EU/EEA flags
22 flags, 61.7 million t in all · share is of this group
Other flags
64 flags, 88.2 million t in all · share is of this group
- 1Liberia23.2 million t 26%
- 2Marshall Islands13.5 million t 15%
- 3Panama13.3 million t 15%
- 4Singapore9.5 million t 11%
- 5Bahamas7.2 million t 8%
- 6Hong Kong (China)6.5 million t 7%
- 7Bermuda2.5 million t 3%
- 8Antigua and Barbuda2.3 million t 3%
- 9United Kingdom1.3 million t 1%
- 10Turkiye1.1 million t 1%
Flag mix of each segment
Share of each segment's CO₂ under the 10 largest flags, and under all EU/EEA flags together. Each row adds up to 100% across all flags.
| Segment | Liberia | Marshall Islands | Malta | Panama | Singapore | Portugal | Bahamas | Denmark | Hong Kong (China) | Italy | All EU/EEA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Container | 24% | 2% | 8% | 12% | 12% | 8% | · | 8% | 9% | · | 32% |
| Oil tanker | 19% | 25% | 11% | 3% | 5% | 2% | 7% | 2% | 3% | 1% | 32% |
| Bulk carrier | 21% | 22% | 7% | 17% | 5% | 4% | 3% | · | 4% | · | 15% |
| Ro-pax | · | · | · | · | · | · | 2% | 7% | · | 21% | 91% |
| LNG carrier | 6% | 22% | 12% | 1% | 4% | · | 17% | · | 3% | · | 33% |
| General cargo | 7% | 5% | 2% | 6% | · | 9% | 4% | · | 2% | · | 45% |
| Chemical tanker | 15% | 17% | 14% | 9% | 8% | 5% | · | 5% | 1% | 3% | 39% |
| Cruise | · | 3% | 22% | 13% | · | 1% | 25% | · | · | 14% | 42% |
| Ro-ro | 2% | · | 18% | · | · | 6% | · | 11% | · | 11% | 76% |
| Vehicle carrier | 16% | 7% | 7% | 19% | 1% | 2% | 9% | · | · | 6% | 29% |
| Offshore | · | · | 2% | 2% | · | 1% | 12% | 9% | · | 4% | 69% |
| Gas carrier (LPG) | 22% | 10% | 11% | 9% | 14% | 2% | 4% | 3% | · | · | 31% |
| Con-ro | · | 1% | 13% | · | · | 3% | 2% | · | · | 55% | 95% |
| Reefer | 25% | · | · | 8% | 6% | · | 42% | · | · | 14% | 18% |
| Passenger | · | · | 6% | 11% | · | 3% | 28% | · | · | · | 54% |
Flags beyond the largest fifteen of a segment are counted in the EU/EEA total but not shown in their own column.
How each flag's ships compare
Each ship is set against the median ship of its own segment, on the platform's KPIs; the figure shown is the median of those differences for the flag's ships. Within a segment, bigger ships burn more fuel per mile but less CO₂ per tonne carried, so a flag with smaller ships looks higher on CO₂ per transport work for reasons of size. The similar-size column compares each ship only with ships of its own size band.
| Flag | Shipsbenchmarked | vs segment medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmvs segment median | LNG / alt. fuelships |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 2,314 of 2,927 | −5% | −1% | +4% | 120 / 40 |
| Marshall Islands | 1,812 of 2,309 | −5% | −2% | +3% | 57 / 22 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 1,085 of 1,293 | +8% | 0% | −2% | 80 / 14 |
| Panama | 1,521 of 1,875 | −8% | −2% | +2% | 16 / 31 |
| Singapore | 771 of 892 | −19% | −7% | 0% | 33 / 35 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 686 of 832 | +23% | +5% | −15% | 7 / 12 |
| Bahamas | 560 of 729 | +2% | +3% | +5% | 40 / 27 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 284 of 384 | −22% | −5% | +7% | 6 / 20 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 429 of 575 | −18% | −1% | +15% | 14 / 25 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 258 of 303 | +27% | +16% | +14% | 5 / 0 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 384 of 541 | +27% | +10% | −13% | 16 / 10 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 408 of 580 | 0% | +1% | −10% | 33 / 6 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 278 of 319 | −16% | −3% | +5% | 31 / 1 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 436 of 508 | 0% | −3% | +3% | 8 / 1 |
| Bermuda | 80 of 87 | +8% | +2% | +21% | 44 / 1 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 86 of 104 | +19% | +3% | +5% | 13 / 2 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 100 of 118 | +7% | +3% | −5% | 37 / 5 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 443 of 512 | +40% | +20% | −15% | 0 / 4 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 71 of 73 | −6% | −8% | −1% | 9 / 0 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 43 of 46 | +32% | +24% | +5% | 8 / 5 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 73 of 76 | +31% | −10% | −17% | 12 / 1 |
| United Kingdom | 78 of 136 | −5% | −4% | −10% | 2 / 1 |
| Turkiye | 135 of 160 | +37% | −3% | −27% | 0 / 1 |
| Isle of Man | 105 of 150 | +2% | −4% | +1% | 5 / 4 |
| China | 129 of 236 | +5% | +7% | +11% | 1 / 0 |
- vs segment median :
- CO₂ per transport work against the median segment ship. Below 0% is better.
- vs similar-size ships :
- CO₂ per transport work of the median ship, against the median ship of the same size band in its segment (whole segment where the segment has no size bands). Below 0% is better.
- Fuel kg/nm :
- Fuel per mile of the median ship, against the median ship of its segment. Bigger ships burn more per mile, so this follows ship size.
- LNG / alt. fuel :
- Ships burning mostly LNG / ships using biofuel, methanol or similar, mostly or blended into oil.
Flags with at least 40 benchmarked ships. A flag benchmarks fewer ships than it has in all: part-year reports, reports with no fuel, ships without a transport-work figure and the extreme 1% of each segment are left out, as on the market page. Ro-pax, cruise and passenger ships count per passenger, LNG carriers and con-ro per m³, general cargo per dwt. Size bands exist for cargo segments; elsewhere the similar-size column uses the whole segment.
Flags inside each segment
The largest flags of each segment, with the KPIs of their median ship.
Container · 2,432 ships · 32% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Container | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Container medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 676 | 12.6 million t 24% | 16.6 | +2% | 0% | 182 |
| Panama | 248 | 6.4 million t 12% | 14.3 | −13% | +7% | 221 |
| Singapore | 247 | 6.1 million t 12% | 11.2 | −31% | −8% | 199 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 111 | 4.6 million t 9% | 9.53 | −42% | 0% | 261 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 238 | 4.3 million t 8% | 16.3 | 0% | −1% | 167 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 259 | 4.2 million t 8% | 34.8 | +113% | +9% | 92.4 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 92 | 4.0 million t 8% | 7.52 | −54% | −9% | 241 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 51 | 1.9 million t 4% | 8.29 | −49% | −9% | 262 |
| Unknown | 43 | 1.1 million t 2% | 10.4 | −36% | −7% | 232 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 85 | 1.1 million t 2% | 36.2 | +122% | +3% | 87.9 |
| Marshall Islands | 69 | 933,504 t 2% | 19.0 | +16% | −8% | 141 |
| United Kingdom | 26 | 661,817 t 1% | 9.75 | −40% | −6% | 196 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 19 | 550,600 t 1% | 18.0 | +10% | −16% | 138 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 48 | 525,458 t 1% | 47.7 | +193% | +6% | 80.7 |
| United States | 19 | 352,295 t 1% | 13.0 | −20% | +5% | 198 |
Segment median: 16.3 g CO₂/t·nm and 177 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Oil tanker · 2,091 ships · 32% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Oil tanker | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Oil tanker medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 518 | 4.1 million t 25% | 7.47 | −6% | −5% | 130 |
| Liberia | 448 | 3.2 million t 19% | 7.64 | −4% | +3% | 134 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 223 | 1.9 million t 11% | 8.79 | +10% | +1% | 126 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 145 | 1.7 million t 10% | 6.44 | −19% | +1% | 144 |
| Bahamas | 115 | 1.1 million t 7% | 7.95 | 0% | +6% | 143 |
| Singapore | 116 | 777,662 t 5% | 8.78 | +10% | −6% | 110 |
| Panama | 98 | 578,856 t 3% | 8.11 | +2% | −6% | 118 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 52 | 473,874 t 3% | 6.24 | −21% | −6% | 132 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 37 | 441,869 t 3% | 17.1 | +115% | +23% | 132 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 45 | 391,527 t 2% | 23.9 | +201% | +9% | 88.0 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 40 | 296,588 t 2% | 8.61 | +8% | −14% | 107 |
| Isle of Man | 33 | 273,346 t 2% | 9.96 | +25% | −3% | 124 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 27 | 221,636 t 1% | 39.3 | +394% | +55% | 84.5 |
| Turkiye | 19 | 143,200 t 1% | 23.2 | +191% | +13% | 116 |
| Cayman Islands | 7 | 105,188 t 1% | 5.83 | −27% | −17% | 123 |
Segment median: 7.95 g CO₂/t·nm and 129 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Bulk carrier · 5,020 ships · 15% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Bulk carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Bulk carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 1,016 | 3.2 million t 22% | 8.08 | +2% | +1% | 83.8 |
| Liberia | 1,028 | 3.1 million t 21% | 7.79 | −1% | +2% | 85.3 |
| Panama | 833 | 2.5 million t 17% | 7.34 | −7% | −2% | 83.2 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 338 | 992,674 t 7% | 8.25 | +4% | +3% | 83.5 |
| Singapore | 231 | 783,429 t 5% | 6.93 | −12% | −5% | 79.8 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 294 | 655,535 t 4% | 7.42 | −6% | 0% | 87.2 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 133 | 517,788 t 4% | 7.95 | +1% | −4% | 79.4 |
| Bahamas | 154 | 470,862 t 3% | 8.37 | +6% | +3% | 81.8 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 144 | 337,075 t 2% | 7.79 | −2% | +1% | 81.7 |
| Unknown | 128 | 294,462 t 2% | 6.25 | −21% | −12% | 75.6 |
| China | 119 | 191,938 t 1% | 8.39 | +6% | +9% | 88.9 |
| Barbados | 102 | 179,855 t 1% | 12.4 | +57% | +5% | 70.3 |
| Isle of Man | 37 | 167,206 t 1% | 6.18 | −22% | −9% | 93.6 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 47 | 157,338 t 1% | 6.95 | −12% | 0% | 95.9 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 25 | 153,768 t 1% | 16.6 | +111% | +13% | 67.8 |
Segment median: 7.90 g CO₂/t·nm and 82.6 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Ro-pax · 436 ships · 91% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Ro-pax | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (pax)g/pax·nm, median ship | vs Ro-pax medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 74 | 2.9 million t 21% | 910 | +61% | +61% | 188 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 71 | 1.9 million t 14% | 686 | +21% | +21% | 152 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 46 | 1.6 million t 12% | 135 | −76% | −76% | 143 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 30 | 1.0 million t 8% | 586 | +3% | +3% | 157 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 29 | 1.0 million t 7% | 782 | +38% | +38% | 151 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 29 | 906,475 t 7% | 703 | +24% | +24% | 130 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 16 | 781,249 t 6% | 128 | −77% | −77% | 151 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 20 | 711,881 t 5% | 470 | −17% | −17% | 153 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 38 | 624,024 t 5% | 226 | −60% | −60% | 52.7 |
| Unknown | 6 | 267,370 t 2% | 894 | +58% | +58% | 160 |
| United Kingdom | 6 | 255,660 t 2% | 1,681 | +197% | +197% | 184 |
| LithuaniaEU/EEA | 6 | 217,139 t 2% | 2,466 | +335% | +335% | 132 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 7 | 216,737 t 2% | 1,625 | +187% | +187% | 111 |
| Bahamas | 9 | 216,327 t 2% | 182 | −68% | −68% | 138 |
| EstoniaEU/EEA | 7 | 189,565 t 1% | 421 | −26% | −26% | 176 |
Segment median: 567 g CO₂/pax·nm and 150 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
LNG carrier · 414 ships · 33% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin LNG carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (volume)g/m³·nm, median ship | vs LNG carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 79 | 2.2 million t 22% | 7.66 | +8% | +8% | 208 |
| Bahamas | 47 | 1.6 million t 17% | 9.28 | +30% | +30% | 291 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 59 | 1.2 million t 12% | 6.64 | −7% | −7% | 179 |
| Bermuda | 45 | 985,339 t 10% | 9.01 | +27% | +27% | 217 |
| Liberia | 36 | 625,132 t 6% | 5.39 | −24% | −24% | 169 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 29 | 571,029 t 6% | 5.66 | −20% | −20% | 178 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 25 | 443,367 t 5% | 5.81 | −18% | −18% | 168 |
| Singapore | 20 | 369,104 t 4% | 6.34 | −11% | −11% | 191 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 8 | 357,835 t 4% | 9.69 | +36% | +36% | 285 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 14 | 335,959 t 3% | 6.83 | −4% | −4% | 214 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 6 | 276,750 t 3% | 7.61 | +7% | +7% | 233 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 6 | 242,465 t 2% | 13.7 | +92% | +92% | 326 |
| Unknown | 8 | 160,450 t 2% | 5.64 | −21% | −21% | 164 |
| Panama | 9 | 131,564 t 1% | 8.39 | +18% | +18% | 179 |
| Isle of Man | 7 | 95,343 t 1% | 7.58 | +6% | +6% | 209 |
Segment median: 7.12 g CO₂/m³·nm and 190 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
General cargo · 3,121 ships · 45% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin General cargo | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (dwt)g/dwt·nm, median ship | vs General cargo medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 353 | 1.7 million t 18% | 24.2 | −5% | −5% | 38.8 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 389 | 1.4 million t 14% | 31.4 | +23% | +23% | 34.5 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 228 | 877,319 t 9% | 26.3 | +3% | +3% | 36.7 |
| Liberia | 221 | 641,281 t 7% | 17.5 | −32% | −32% | 66.3 |
| Panama | 261 | 607,380 t 6% | 22.5 | −12% | −12% | 39.9 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 142 | 475,122 t 5% | 30.3 | +19% | +19% | 26.5 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 119 | 448,986 t 5% | 26.5 | +4% | +4% | 25.8 |
| Marshall Islands | 155 | 432,328 t 5% | 9.54 | −63% | −63% | 62.7 |
| Barbados | 175 | 427,379 t 4% | 26.5 | +4% | +4% | 25.0 |
| Bahamas | 110 | 401,268 t 4% | 11.6 | −54% | −54% | 70.5 |
| Unknown | 120 | 211,902 t 2% | 26.1 | +2% | +2% | 21.9 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 52 | 210,358 t 2% | 20.6 | −19% | −19% | 35.4 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 53 | 191,291 t 2% | 13.3 | −48% | −48% | 76.7 |
| IrelandEU/EEA | 37 | 145,779 t 2% | 22.8 | −11% | −11% | 30.3 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 24 | 138,696 t 1% | 28.0 | +10% | +10% | 40.4 |
Segment median: 25.5 g CO₂/dwt·nm and 35.2 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Chemical tanker · 1,670 ships · 39% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Chemical tanker | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Chemical tanker medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 321 | 1.5 million t 17% | 12.5 | −17% | −1% | 83.2 |
| Liberia | 276 | 1.3 million t 15% | 13.0 | −13% | −3% | 80.8 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 188 | 1.3 million t 14% | 26.0 | +73% | +10% | 75.4 |
| Panama | 169 | 772,686 t 9% | 14.2 | −6% | −9% | 78.2 |
| Singapore | 151 | 714,885 t 8% | 10.8 | −28% | −9% | 78.9 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 73 | 568,953 t 6% | 13.8 | −8% | +3% | 89.2 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 64 | 429,893 t 5% | 29.5 | +96% | +9% | 74.7 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 84 | 422,139 t 5% | 11.0 | −27% | −4% | 73.6 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 37 | 291,197 t 3% | 23.2 | +54% | +39% | 93.3 |
| Cayman Islands | 28 | 208,705 t 2% | 16.8 | +12% | +28% | 101 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 29 | 124,400 t 1% | 13.4 | −11% | +13% | 89.7 |
| Saudi Arabia | 25 | 116,979 t 1% | 11.7 | −22% | +15% | 101 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 15 | 106,646 t 1% | 28.9 | +92% | −3% | 54.5 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 14 | 93,308 t 1% | 15.5 | +3% | +6% | 82.9 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 16 | 87,237 t 1% | 20.9 | +39% | +29% | 105 |
Segment median: 15.0 g CO₂/t·nm and 79.7 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Cruise · 207 ships · 42% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Cruise | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (pax)g/pax·nm, median ship | vs Cruise medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | 69 | 1.7 million t 25% | 862 | +65% | +65% | 218 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 36 | 1.5 million t 22% | 429 | −18% | −18% | 310 |
| Bermuda | 25 | 1.1 million t 16% | 393 | −24% | −24% | 359 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 19 | 1.0 million t 14% | 311 | −40% | −40% | 303 |
| Panama | 15 | 900,175 t 13% | 383 | −26% | −26% | 342 |
| Marshall Islands | 13 | 230,402 t 3% | 826 | +59% | +59% | 162 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 11 | 229,756 t 3% | 683 | +31% | +31% | 194 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 7 | 135,343 t 2% | 446 | −15% | −15% | 273 |
| United Kingdom | 2 | 79,532 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 5 | 57,485 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| FranceEU/EEA | 1 | 7,846 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Liberia | 2 | 6,950 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1 | 5,891 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Palau | 1 | 3,018 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 521 g CO₂/pax·nm and 264 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Ro-ro · 245 ships · 76% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Ro-ro | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Ro-ro medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MaltaEU/EEA | 45 | 968,320 t 18% | 85.3 | −10% | −10% | 100 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 18 | 591,260 t 11% | 84.0 | −12% | +2% | 137 |
| Turkiye | 15 | 588,153 t 11% | 73.3 | −23% | −3% | 116 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 19 | 568,040 t 11% | 95.2 | 0% | +16% | 125 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 20 | 535,296 t 10% | 100 | +5% | +19% | 131 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 15 | 327,138 t 6% | 148 | +56% | +10% | 99.5 |
| Unknown | 10 | 303,942 t 6% | 54.5 | −43% | 0% | 134 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 11 | 259,395 t 5% | 64.0 | −33% | −16% | 112 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 8 | 194,614 t 4% | 277 | +191% | +47% | 110 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 8 | 163,173 t 3% | 90.3 | −5% | +1% | 109 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 8 | 120,576 t 2% | 449 | +372% | +58% | 62.3 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 9 | 115,368 t 2% | 163 | +71% | +1% | 110 |
| Liberia | 7 | 96,428 t 2% | 77.1 | −19% | −16% | 97.2 |
| Tunisia | 4 | 70,758 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 6 | 62,351 t 1% | 308 | +223% | +22% | 87.3 |
Segment median: 95.2 g CO₂/t·nm and 105 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Vehicle carrier · 533 ships · 29% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Vehicle carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Vehicle carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panama | 105 | 828,017 t 19% | 55.8 | +1% | +2% | 100 |
| Liberia | 75 | 700,518 t 16% | 56.8 | +3% | −5% | 97.6 |
| Bahamas | 56 | 399,869 t 9% | 53.3 | −4% | +6% | 105 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 41 | 334,365 t 8% | 40.1 | −28% | −4% | 97.8 |
| Marshall Islands | 53 | 317,252 t 7% | 67.6 | +22% | +7% | 103 |
| Japan | 46 | 300,078 t 7% | 53.2 | −4% | −4% | 96.7 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 31 | 291,150 t 7% | 59.2 | +7% | −4% | 97.6 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 18 | 261,986 t 6% | 86.4 | +56% | +14% | 99.6 |
| South Korea | 34 | 225,050 t 5% | 47.2 | −15% | +10% | 108 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 13 | 119,791 t 3% | 36.8 | −34% | −10% | 106 |
| United States | 15 | 98,642 t 2% | 66.1 | +19% | −6% | 97.8 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 6 | 89,199 t 2% | 77.7 | +40% | −26% | 76.4 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 5 | 74,080 t 2% | 80.3 | +45% | −29% | 67.3 |
| Singapore | 7 | 63,880 t 1% | 50.7 | −8% | +13% | 112 |
| Unknown | 9 | 59,218 t 1% | 47.1 | −15% | −1% | 99.9 |
Segment median: 55.4 g CO₂/t·nm and 99.9 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Offshore · 616 ships · 69% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Offshore | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Offshore medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NorwayEU/EEA | 145 | 949,960 t 29% | 1,449 | +6% | −11% | 74.8 |
| Bahamas | 38 | 388,266 t 12% | – | – | – | – |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 84 | 286,020 t 9% | 4,450 | +226% | +192% | 128 |
| LuxembourgEU/EEA | 25 | 243,937 t 7% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 26 | 226,262 t 7% | 2,205 | +61% | −22% | 52.2 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 32 | 180,957 t 5% | – | – | – | – |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 40 | 166,668 t 5% | 6,307 | +361% | −52% | 104 |
| BelgiumEU/EEA | 17 | 153,473 t 5% | – | – | – | – |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 27 | 135,171 t 4% | 301 | −78% | +51% | 156 |
| Isle of Man | 18 | 98,003 t 3% | – | – | – | – |
| United Kingdom | 53 | 92,494 t 3% | 784 | −43% | −25% | 57.2 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 14 | 74,603 t 2% | – | – | – | – |
| Panama | 20 | 61,215 t 2% | – | – | – | – |
| FranceEU/EEA | 8 | 35,483 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 9 | 30,160 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 1,367 g CO₂/t·nm and 82.9 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Gas carrier (LPG) · 431 ships · 31% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Gas carrier (LPG) | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Gas carrier (LPG) medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 96 | 638,585 t 22% | 32.4 | −9% | −2% | 81.6 |
| Singapore | 60 | 406,064 t 14% | 32.5 | −9% | −8% | 74.0 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 42 | 324,934 t 11% | 59.8 | +68% | −1% | 66.2 |
| Marshall Islands | 47 | 282,429 t 10% | 25.5 | −28% | −9% | 83.6 |
| Panama | 46 | 267,205 t 9% | 19.7 | −45% | +5% | 103 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 22 | 240,896 t 8% | 34.6 | −3% | +6% | 77.6 |
| Bahamas | 10 | 122,457 t 4% | 18.6 | −48% | +2% | 126 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 17 | 78,668 t 3% | 71.9 | +102% | +20% | 80.2 |
| BelgiumEU/EEA | 9 | 61,627 t 2% | 27.4 | −23% | +26% | 94.3 |
| Algeria | 6 | 60,087 t 2% | 39.2 | +10% | +22% | 120 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 7 | 55,128 t 2% | 123 | +246% | +38% | 67.2 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 8 | 52,162 t 2% | 120 | +238% | +34% | 75.0 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 7 | 50,574 t 2% | 91.3 | +157% | −19% | 50.6 |
| Isle of Man | 7 | 41,636 t 1% | 204 | +472% | +74% | 86.8 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 6 | 37,196 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 35.6 g CO₂/t·nm and 81.6 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Con-ro · 67 ships · 95% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Con-ro | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (volume)g/m³·nm, median ship | vs Con-ro medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 36 | 604,781 t 55% | 9.10 | −8% | −8% | 140 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 6 | 246,343 t 22% | 45.3 | +357% | +357% | 158 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 10 | 139,681 t 13% | 4.63 | −53% | −53% | 158 |
| Saudi Arabia | 6 | 37,811 t 3% | 11.2 | +13% | +13% | 99.0 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 2 | 36,349 t 3% | – | – | – | – |
| Bahamas | 2 | 17,003 t 2% | – | – | – | – |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 1 | 15,727 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Marshall Islands | 2 | 5,791 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 2 | 0 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 9.92 g CO₂/m³·nm and 135 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Reefer · 129 ships · 18% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Reefer | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Reefer medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | 71 | 373,392 t 42% | 63.5 | +12% | +2% | 81.3 |
| Liberia | 23 | 224,129 t 25% | 41.2 | −28% | −7% | 91.2 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 4 | 125,983 t 14% | – | – | – | – |
| Panama | 13 | 67,056 t 8% | 60.0 | +6% | −2% | 83.0 |
| Singapore | 4 | 49,277 t 6% | – | – | – | – |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 2 | 13,483 t 2% | – | – | – | – |
| Barbados | 2 | 10,266 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 2 | 8,203 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 1 | 4,441 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 1 | 2,156 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| South Korea | 2 | 1,484 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Curacao | 1 | 1,027 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Japan | 1 | 545 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| China | 1 | 0 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Russia | 1 | 0 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 56.8 g CO₂/t·nm and 82.9 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Passenger · 37 ships · 54% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Passenger | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (pax)g/pax·nm, median ship | vs Passenger medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | 4 | 91,057 t 28% | – | – | – | – |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 5 | 57,634 t 17% | 658 | −64% | −64% | 54.2 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 9 | 55,825 t 17% | 1,906 | +5% | +5% | 76.1 |
| Panama | 1 | 34,750 t 11% | – | – | – | – |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 1 | 27,171 t 8% | – | – | – | – |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 4 | 19,421 t 6% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 2 | 15,637 t 5% | – | – | – | – |
| Cayman Islands | 1 | 11,592 t 4% | – | – | – | – |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 6 | 10,758 t 3% | 2,138 | +18% | +18% | 74.6 |
| BelgiumEU/EEA | 1 | 4,571 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 1 | 1,894 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Marshall Islands | 1 | 627 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Bermuda | 1 | 0 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 1,819 g CO₂/pax·nm and 76.3 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Combination · 5 ships · 84% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Combination | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Combination medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 3 | 19,170 t 84% | – | – | – | – |
| Marshall Islands | 1 | 2,907 t 13% | – | – | – | – |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1 | 807 t 4% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 18.1 g CO₂/t·nm and 104 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
How the flag is estimated
The port of registry is typed by each company, so one port appears in many forms ("Monrovia", "MONRAVIA", "Monrovia, Liberia"). Navalyze matches 723 spellings in 2025 to 86 flags. 771 reports leave the port blank; 378 of them take the flag the same ship (IMO number) has in its nearest other reporting year, and the rest stay unknown. 4 ports could not be matched.
The estimate cannot tell second registers apart: NIS and NOR are both Norway, DIS and DAS both Denmark, and the Madeira register is Portugal. A ship that changed flag during the year shows the port named in its report. Some ports could mean two flags; the choices made are:
- Hamilton taken as Bermuda (87 ships under Bermuda)
- George Town / Georgetown taken as Cayman (56 ships under Cayman Islands)
- Leirvik taken as Faroe (operators are Faroese) (42 ships under Faroe Islands)
- NIS and NOR registers both shown as Norway (580 ships under Norway)
- DIS and DAS both shown as Denmark (384 ships under Denmark)
- Mata-Utu (Wallis and Futuna), French register (118 ships under France)
- Tripoli taken as Libya (operator is Libyan) (6 ships under Libya)
- Portsmouth taken as Dominica (low confidence) (3 ships under Dominica)
Not matched: Douala (NIHAT K), GMA (DARYA TAPTI), The Creek (RENAISSANCE), St Cruz de Tenerife (MUNDAKA NM).
Totals count each ship once a year: a part-year report of a ship that also has a full-year report is left out, as on every other page. The flag also shows on each ship page.