Navalyze · Flags
Flags of ships reporting to EU MRV, 2024
THETIS-MRV has no flag column, but every report names the ship's port of registry, and each port belongs to one flag state (Monrovia to Liberia, Majuro to the Marshall Islands). Navalyze reads the 570 ways the port is written in 2024 and assigns 83 flags. These are estimates, not official flag data; see how the flag is estimated.
The year at a glance
Largest flags
The 25 flags with most CO₂ in 2024. Bars show emissions; "EU" marks EU/EEA flags.
- Liberia23.4 million t
- Panama14.8 million t
- Marshall Islands14.3 million t
- Malta · EU13.7 million t
- Hong Kong (China)8.3 million t
- Singapore7.2 million t
- Portugal · EU7.1 million t
- Italy · EU6.7 million t
- Bahamas6.4 million t
- Denmark · EU6.2 million t
- Cyprus · EU4.3 million t
- Greece · EU4.3 million t
- Norway · EU3.5 million t
- Netherlands · EU2.8 million t
- France · EU2.2 million t
- Bermuda2.0 million t
- Antigua and Barbuda1.9 million t
- Spain · EU1.7 million t
- Germany · EU1.7 million t
- Finland · EU1.6 million t
- Sweden · EU1.3 million t
- United States1.2 million t
- United Kingdom1.1 million t
- Turkiye1.1 million t
- Japan735,193 t
Show as table, with ships, fuel and EU ETS
| Flag | Ships | CO₂ | Fuel | CO₂ in EU ETS scope |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 2,588 | 23.4 million t 16% | 7.5 million t | 12.8 million t |
| Panama | 1,747 | 14.8 million t 10% | 4.8 million t | 8.4 million t |
| Marshall Islands | 2,080 | 14.3 million t 10% | 4.6 million t | 7.9 million t |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 1,139 | 13.7 million t 9% | 4.4 million t | 8.4 million t |
| Hong Kong (China) | 621 | 8.3 million t 6% | 2.7 million t | 4.4 million t |
| Singapore | 718 | 7.2 million t 5% | 2.3 million t | 3.9 million t |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 606 | 7.1 million t 5% | 2.3 million t | 4.3 million t |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 281 | 6.7 million t 5% | 2.2 million t | 5.5 million t |
| Bahamas | 577 | 6.4 million t 4% | 2.1 million t | 4.1 million t |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 259 | 6.2 million t 4% | 2.0 million t | 3.9 million t |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 370 | 4.3 million t 3% | 1.4 million t | 2.6 million t |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 313 | 4.3 million t 3% | 1.4 million t | 2.2 million t |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 357 | 3.5 million t 2% | 1.1 million t | 2.5 million t |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 310 | 2.8 million t 2% | 885,728 t | 2.0 million t |
| FranceEU/EEA | 105 | 2.2 million t 1% | 728,154 t | 1.4 million t |
| Bermuda | 73 | 2.0 million t 1% | 673,935 t | 1.2 million t |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 291 | 1.9 million t 1% | 593,470 t | 1.2 million t |
| SpainEU/EEA | 52 | 1.7 million t 1% | 553,567 t | 530,046 t |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 72 | 1.7 million t 1% | 545,398 t | 1.0 million t |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 61 | 1.6 million t 1% | 516,025 t | 1.3 million t |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 73 | 1.3 million t 1% | 424,050 t | 1.0 million t |
| United States | 44 | 1.2 million t 1% | 373,329 t | 604,952 t |
| United Kingdom | 58 | 1.1 million t 1% | 368,240 t | 664,538 t |
| Turkiye | 133 | 1.1 million t 1% | 342,526 t | 594,214 t |
| Japan | 68 | 735,193 t 0% | 237,036 t | 402,951 t |
| Other flags (58) | 1,281 | 6.7 million t 5% | 2.2 million t | 4.0 million t |
| Unknown | 193 | 2.1 million t 1% | 708,285 t | 1.2 million t |
Flags over time
CO₂ of the six largest flags of the latest year, in every reporting year. Blank ports are filled from the same ship's other years. This chart stays on CO₂ in every view: CO₂eq and the EU ETS start with 2024.
- Liberia
- Marshall Islands
- Malta
- Panama
- Singapore
- Portugal
EU/EEA flags' share of all CO₂: 2018 40% · 2019 40% · 2020 39% · 2021 42% · 2022 40% · 2023 41% · 2024 39% · 2025 40%
EU/EEA and other flags
EU/EEA means the 27 EU member states, Norway and Iceland. Overseas registers with their own flag, such as the Faroe Islands, Isle of Man, Gibraltar and Bermuda, count as other flags. EU/EEA-flagged ships emit 39% of the CO₂ but owe 42% of the EU ETS allowances: the ETS counts voyages within the EU in full and voyages into or out of the EU by half, and these ships sail more within the EU.
| Flags | Shipsreporting | CO₂emitted, total | vs segment medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EU/EEA flags | 4,100 | 58.0 million t 39% | +12% | +2% |
| Other flags | 10,175 | 88.1 million t 59% | −4% | −1% |
| Unknown flag | 193 | 2.1 million t 1% | – | – |
Top EU/EEA and other flags
The ten largest flags in each group. Choose what to rank by; the CO₂eq switch and the EUA price apply.
EU/EEA flags
22 flags, 58.0 million t in all · share is of this group
Other flags
61 flags, 88.1 million t in all · share is of this group
- 1Liberia23.4 million t 27%
- 2Panama14.8 million t 17%
- 3Marshall Islands14.3 million t 16%
- 4Hong Kong (China)8.3 million t 9%
- 5Singapore7.2 million t 8%
- 6Bahamas6.4 million t 7%
- 7Bermuda2.0 million t 2%
- 8Antigua and Barbuda1.9 million t 2%
- 9United States1.2 million t 1%
- 10United Kingdom1.1 million t 1%
Flag mix of each segment
Share of each segment's CO₂ under the 10 largest flags, and under all EU/EEA flags together. Each row adds up to 100% across all flags.
| Segment | Liberia | Panama | Marshall Islands | Malta | Hong Kong (China) | Singapore | Portugal | Italy | Bahamas | Denmark | All EU/EEA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Container | 24% | 14% | 3% | 9% | 11% | 8% | 9% | · | · | 7% | 31% |
| Oil tanker | 20% | 4% | 25% | 12% | 3% | 5% | 2% | 1% | 5% | 2% | 32% |
| Bulk carrier | 21% | 17% | 21% | 7% | 6% | 5% | 3% | · | 3% | · | 15% |
| Ro-pax | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 22% | 1% | 7% | 92% |
| Chemical tanker | 15% | 8% | 19% | 15% | 3% | 6% | 5% | 3% | · | 3% | 38% |
| LNG carrier | 3% | 4% | 19% | 12% | 6% | 4% | · | · | 16% | · | 34% |
| Passenger | · | 13% | 3% | 20% | · | · | · | 15% | 25% | · | 42% |
| General cargo | 10% | 8% | 8% | 2% | 4% | 1% | 6% | · | 5% | · | 46% |
| Ro-ro | · | · | · | 18% | · | · | 6% | 12% | · | 10% | 75% |
| Vehicle carrier | 12% | 23% | 8% | 6% | · | 2% | 2% | 7% | 9% | · | 30% |
| Gas carrier (LPG) | 19% | 10% | 8% | 14% | · | 13% | 1% | · | 6% | 4% | 34% |
| Con-ro | · | · | 4% | 11% | · | · | · | 55% | 2% | · | 90% |
| Reefer | 26% | 8% | · | · | · | 3% | · | 13% | 45% | · | 15% |
Flags beyond the largest fifteen of a segment are counted in the EU/EEA total but not shown in their own column.
How each flag's ships compare
Each ship is set against the median ship of its own segment, on the platform's KPIs; the figure shown is the median of those differences for the flag's ships. Within a segment, bigger ships burn more fuel per mile but less CO₂ per tonne carried, so a flag with smaller ships looks higher on CO₂ per transport work for reasons of size. The similar-size column compares each ship only with ships of its own size band.
| Flag | Shipsbenchmarked | vs segment medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmvs segment median | LNG / alt. fuelships |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 2,053 of 2,588 | −4% | +2% | +6% | 44 / 21 |
| Panama | 1,028 of 1,747 | −4% | 0% | 0% | 17 / 11 |
| Marshall Islands | 1,663 of 2,080 | −5% | −2% | +2% | 49 / 14 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 1,015 of 1,139 | +9% | 0% | −3% | 66 / 8 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 520 of 621 | −28% | −4% | +14% | 12 / 5 |
| Singapore | 552 of 718 | −13% | −9% | −6% | 21 / 14 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 507 of 606 | +51% | +6% | −19% | 8 / 3 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 245 of 281 | +5% | +4% | +10% | 5 / 0 |
| Bahamas | 491 of 577 | +1% | 0% | +3% | 29 / 13 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 248 of 259 | −5% | −10% | −3% | 9 / 33 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 268 of 370 | +46% | +3% | −9% | 15 / 8 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 271 of 313 | −19% | −7% | +8% | 34 / 0 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 318 of 357 | −5% | 0% | −6% | 32 / 8 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 290 of 310 | +32% | +18% | −18% | 9 / 1 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 94 of 105 | +29% | +19% | −10% | 29 / 5 |
| Bermuda | 68 of 73 | +1% | −2% | +15% | 37 / 2 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 222 of 291 | +53% | +7% | −17% | 0 / 2 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 46 of 52 | +24% | +15% | +1% | 9 / 0 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 68 of 72 | +4% | −1% | +33% | 7 / 2 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 57 of 61 | 0% | −4% | −1% | 8 / 0 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 72 of 73 | +27% | −8% | −13% | 10 / 1 |
| United States | 41 of 44 | −22% | −3% | +8% | 0 / 5 |
| United Kingdom | 50 of 58 | −32% | 0% | +20% | 4 / 0 |
| Turkiye | 102 of 133 | +42% | −1% | −29% | 0 / 0 |
- vs segment median :
- CO₂ per transport work against the median segment ship. Below 0% is better.
- vs similar-size ships :
- CO₂ per transport work of the median ship, against the median ship of the same size band in its segment (whole segment where the segment has no size bands). Below 0% is better.
- Fuel kg/nm :
- Fuel per mile of the median ship, against the median ship of its segment. Bigger ships burn more per mile, so this follows ship size.
- LNG / alt. fuel :
- Ships burning mostly LNG / ships using biofuel, methanol or similar, mostly or blended into oil.
Flags with at least 40 benchmarked ships. A flag benchmarks fewer ships than it has in all: part-year reports, reports with no fuel, ships without a transport-work figure and the extreme 1% of each segment are left out, as on the market page. Ro-pax, cruise and passenger ships count per passenger, LNG carriers and con-ro per m³, general cargo per dwt. Size bands exist for cargo segments; elsewhere the similar-size column uses the whole segment.
Flags inside each segment
The largest flags of each segment, with the KPIs of their median ship.
Container · 2,180 ships · 31% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Container | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Container medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 579 | 12.9 million t 24% | 17.2 | −2% | 0% | 179 |
| Panama | 254 | 7.5 million t 14% | 15.0 | −14% | +7% | 232 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 147 | 5.8 million t 11% | 9.59 | −45% | 0% | 236 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 201 | 4.7 million t 9% | 17.2 | −2% | +1% | 164 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 251 | 4.6 million t 9% | 36.4 | +108% | +6% | 94.9 |
| Singapore | 139 | 4.0 million t 8% | 15.8 | −10% | −3% | 155 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 81 | 3.8 million t 7% | 8.43 | −52% | −12% | 276 |
| Marshall Islands | 80 | 1.6 million t 3% | 19.6 | +12% | 0% | 150 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 45 | 1.3 million t 2% | 9.85 | −44% | −6% | 254 |
| Unknown | 39 | 1.2 million t 2% | 10.7 | −39% | −13% | 225 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 76 | 1.1 million t 2% | 40.9 | +134% | −4% | 86.3 |
| United States | 22 | 991,047 t 2% | 11.8 | −33% | −5% | 199 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 20 | 603,840 t 1% | 13.3 | −24% | −10% | 183 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 51 | 590,246 t 1% | 46.8 | +167% | +6% | 81.7 |
| United Kingdom | 15 | 382,700 t 1% | 8.16 | −53% | −24% | 181 |
Segment median: 17.5 g CO₂/t·nm and 167 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Oil tanker · 2,054 ships · 32% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Oil tanker | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Oil tanker medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 475 | 4.7 million t 25% | 7.68 | −5% | −2% | 130 |
| Liberia | 428 | 3.6 million t 20% | 7.85 | −3% | +5% | 141 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 210 | 2.2 million t 12% | 9.37 | +16% | +4% | 131 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 146 | 1.8 million t 10% | 6.46 | −20% | −5% | 143 |
| Bahamas | 105 | 986,563 t 5% | 7.67 | −5% | +3% | 139 |
| Singapore | 133 | 945,265 t 5% | 7.63 | −5% | −14% | 108 |
| Panama | 110 | 665,482 t 4% | 9.59 | +19% | +2% | 114 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 55 | 549,025 t 3% | 4.98 | −38% | −15% | 173 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 36 | 501,101 t 3% | 16.5 | +104% | +17% | 118 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 44 | 441,093 t 2% | 21.7 | +169% | +6% | 82.1 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 65 | 402,330 t 2% | 9.13 | +13% | −13% | 97.1 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 29 | 250,631 t 1% | 37.6 | +367% | +49% | 103 |
| Isle of Man | 25 | 208,469 t 1% | 9.39 | +17% | +1% | 134 |
| Cayman Islands | 9 | 125,195 t 1% | 5.51 | −32% | −6% | 122 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 13 | 114,226 t 1% | 12.2 | +51% | −1% | 122 |
Segment median: 8.06 g CO₂/t·nm and 129 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Bulk carrier · 4,614 ships · 15% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Bulk carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Bulk carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 948 | 3.3 million t 21% | 8.01 | −1% | −1% | 84.9 |
| Liberia | 960 | 3.2 million t 21% | 8.20 | +1% | +5% | 90.6 |
| Panama | 818 | 2.7 million t 17% | 7.73 | −4% | −2% | 84.2 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 295 | 1.0 million t 7% | 8.26 | +2% | −1% | 82.0 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 291 | 911,862 t 6% | 7.27 | −10% | −2% | 88.5 |
| Singapore | 224 | 830,995 t 5% | 7.03 | −13% | −5% | 83.1 |
| Bahamas | 130 | 501,106 t 3% | 10.2 | +27% | +1% | 79.0 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 99 | 453,721 t 3% | 8.24 | +2% | +3% | 83.2 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 133 | 352,068 t 2% | 8.43 | +4% | 0% | 83.2 |
| Barbados | 87 | 232,604 t 2% | 12.0 | +48% | 0% | 69.8 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 48 | 170,979 t 1% | 7.33 | −9% | −3% | 80.0 |
| China | 101 | 165,696 t 1% | 8.08 | 0% | +7% | 90.2 |
| Isle of Man | 29 | 161,638 t 1% | 7.02 | −13% | −5% | 84.8 |
| Unknown | 61 | 159,429 t 1% | 6.77 | −16% | +2% | 93.9 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 55 | 149,617 t 1% | 6.59 | −19% | +3% | 93.2 |
Segment median: 8.09 g CO₂/t·nm and 84.6 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Ro-pax · 438 ships · 92% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Ro-pax | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (pax)g/pax·nm, median ship | vs Ro-pax medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 78 | 3.1 million t 22% | 95.2 | −83% | −83% | 190 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 68 | 1.8 million t 13% | 869 | +59% | +59% | 146 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 45 | 1.6 million t 12% | 269 | −51% | −51% | 156 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 32 | 1.1 million t 8% | 569 | +4% | +4% | 151 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 28 | 1.0 million t 7% | 755 | +38% | +38% | 155 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 30 | 971,188 t 7% | 825 | +51% | +51% | 128 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 15 | 779,009 t 6% | 123 | −77% | −77% | 149 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 20 | 741,188 t 5% | 473 | −13% | −13% | 158 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 38 | 637,716 t 5% | 253 | −54% | −54% | 55.2 |
| United Kingdom | 5 | 246,966 t 2% | 1,591 | +191% | +191% | 185 |
| LithuaniaEU/EEA | 6 | 204,824 t 1% | 1,576 | +188% | +188% | 128 |
| EstoniaEU/EEA | 8 | 204,321 t 1% | 441 | −19% | −19% | 158 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 5 | 194,599 t 1% | 1,109 | +103% | +103% | 144 |
| Bahamas | 8 | 190,951 t 1% | 189 | −65% | −65% | 135 |
| Unknown | 8 | 172,144 t 1% | 440 | −20% | −20% | 197 |
Segment median: 547 g CO₂/pax·nm and 151 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Chemical tanker · 1,487 ships · 38% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Chemical tanker | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Chemical tanker medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 292 | 1.6 million t 19% | 12.8 | −24% | −3% | 85.0 |
| Liberia | 261 | 1.3 million t 15% | 13.7 | −18% | −2% | 83.4 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 184 | 1.3 million t 15% | 27.3 | +63% | +6% | 74.8 |
| Panama | 150 | 725,064 t 8% | 18.4 | +10% | 0% | 79.0 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 71 | 522,067 t 6% | 12.4 | −26% | +3% | 87.6 |
| Singapore | 94 | 477,571 t 6% | 13.1 | −21% | −12% | 76.1 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 55 | 405,397 t 5% | 31.0 | +85% | +13% | 77.7 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 38 | 302,284 t 3% | 24.4 | +46% | +36% | 98.6 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 41 | 278,304 t 3% | 26.6 | +59% | −8% | 63.0 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 43 | 264,593 t 3% | 11.6 | −31% | +1% | 89.1 |
| Cayman Islands | 30 | 191,280 t 2% | 17.7 | +6% | +13% | 104 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 17 | 124,201 t 1% | 30.5 | +82% | −5% | 54.9 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 17 | 92,898 t 1% | 19.3 | +16% | +14% | 100 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 16 | 82,885 t 1% | 28.9 | +73% | 0% | 91.2 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 14 | 80,796 t 1% | 32.4 | +94% | −3% | 58.8 |
Segment median: 16.7 g CO₂/t·nm and 80.9 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
LNG carrier · 361 ships · 34% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin LNG carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (volume)g/m³·nm, median ship | vs LNG carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 58 | 1.6 million t 19% | 7.83 | +6% | +6% | 227 |
| Bahamas | 40 | 1.3 million t 16% | 10.1 | +37% | +37% | 307 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 50 | 969,469 t 12% | 6.45 | −13% | −13% | 173 |
| Bermuda | 40 | 785,299 t 9% | 9.18 | +24% | +24% | 228 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 14 | 508,448 t 6% | 5.78 | −22% | −22% | 210 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 28 | 420,919 t 5% | 5.87 | −21% | −21% | 186 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 8 | 390,839 t 5% | 10.2 | +38% | +38% | 306 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 7 | 368,909 t 4% | 10.4 | +41% | +41% | 309 |
| Singapore | 23 | 352,246 t 4% | 6.78 | −8% | −8% | 190 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 8 | 349,194 t 4% | 11.9 | +61% | +61% | 299 |
| Panama | 20 | 346,207 t 4% | 6.06 | −18% | −18% | 181 |
| Liberia | 18 | 275,433 t 3% | 7.80 | +5% | +5% | 202 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 18 | 252,899 t 3% | 5.80 | −22% | −22% | 167 |
| Unknown | 12 | 180,626 t 2% | 5.24 | −29% | −29% | 164 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 6 | 63,898 t 1% | 23.6 | +219% | +219% | 67.1 |
Segment median: 7.39 g CO₂/m³·nm and 205 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Passenger · 211 ships · 42% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Passenger | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (pax)g/pax·nm, median ship | vs Passenger medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | 64 | 1.7 million t 25% | 944 | +53% | +53% | 187 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 37 | 1.4 million t 20% | 531 | −14% | −14% | 271 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 19 | 1.1 million t 15% | 332 | −46% | −46% | 319 |
| Panama | 16 | 868,268 t 13% | 448 | −28% | −28% | 356 |
| Bermuda | 19 | 857,468 t 12% | 470 | −24% | −24% | 375 |
| United Kingdom | 5 | 297,414 t 4% | 328 | −47% | −47% | 332 |
| Marshall Islands | 9 | 204,547 t 3% | 882 | +43% | +43% | 223 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 12 | 174,520 t 3% | 716 | +16% | +16% | 138 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 7 | 164,728 t 2% | 515 | −17% | −17% | 291 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 9 | 66,844 t 1% | 994 | +61% | +61% | 70.5 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 7 | 33,827 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 1 | 22,707 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 2 | 8,689 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Liberia | 1 | 5,243 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| BelgiumEU/EEA | 1 | 5,085 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 618 g CO₂/pax·nm and 245 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
General cargo · 1,380 ships · 46% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin General cargo | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (dwt)g/dwt·nm, median ship | vs General cargo medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 205 | 1.3 million t 24% | 23.3 | +21% | +21% | 48.9 |
| Liberia | 154 | 562,352 t 10% | 16.2 | −16% | −16% | 62.2 |
| Marshall Islands | 123 | 468,297 t 8% | 10.6 | −45% | −45% | 67.6 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 91 | 418,773 t 8% | 25.7 | +34% | +34% | 52.9 |
| Panama | 148 | 415,193 t 8% | 18.7 | −3% | −3% | 52.2 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 66 | 310,976 t 6% | 26.8 | +39% | +39% | 48.9 |
| Bahamas | 61 | 261,244 t 5% | 8.55 | −56% | −56% | 82.2 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 42 | 249,034 t 5% | 17.2 | −10% | −10% | 77.8 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 39 | 220,713 t 4% | 20.7 | +7% | +7% | 66.8 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 60 | 218,669 t 4% | 8.73 | −55% | −55% | 77.6 |
| Barbados | 62 | 147,891 t 3% | 18.1 | −6% | −6% | 45.1 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 33 | 118,638 t 2% | 19.7 | +2% | +2% | 40.9 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 14 | 113,507 t 2% | 22.3 | +16% | +16% | 59.7 |
| China | 30 | 104,018 t 2% | 5.96 | −69% | −69% | 79.4 |
| Singapore | 27 | 81,867 t 1% | 8.95 | −53% | −53% | 73.7 |
Segment median: 19.3 g CO₂/dwt·nm and 58.7 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Ro-ro · 234 ships · 75% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Ro-ro | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Ro-ro medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MaltaEU/EEA | 40 | 983,875 t 18% | 88.2 | −10% | −7% | 102 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 20 | 631,382 t 12% | 80.1 | −18% | +10% | 142 |
| Turkiye | 16 | 611,317 t 11% | 74.2 | −24% | 0% | 115 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 18 | 559,898 t 10% | 89.3 | −8% | +15% | 130 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 19 | 534,670 t 10% | 94.2 | −4% | +14% | 147 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 15 | 319,507 t 6% | 141 | +44% | +3% | 106 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 11 | 253,833 t 5% | 79.0 | −19% | −25% | 102 |
| Unknown | 8 | 219,050 t 4% | 59.4 | −39% | −13% | 129 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 6 | 188,858 t 4% | 228 | +134% | +26% | 104 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 7 | 148,676 t 3% | 84.8 | −13% | −14% | 103 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 8 | 116,239 t 2% | 505 | +418% | +63% | 70.9 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 8 | 99,690 t 2% | 178 | +82% | +6% | 101 |
| Tunisia | 4 | 98,305 t 2% | – | – | – | – |
| Faroe Islands | 3 | 90,281 t 2% | – | – | – | – |
| LithuaniaEU/EEA | 4 | 78,189 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 97.5 g CO₂/t·nm and 106 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Vehicle carrier · 472 ships · 30% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Vehicle carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Vehicle carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panama | 117 | 1.0 million t 23% | 59.5 | +8% | +3% | 102 |
| Liberia | 49 | 543,369 t 12% | 52.1 | −6% | −6% | 100 |
| Bahamas | 49 | 408,829 t 9% | 53.5 | −3% | 0% | 104 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 45 | 381,273 t 9% | 49.1 | −11% | −1% | 103 |
| Marshall Islands | 35 | 327,835 t 8% | 55.0 | −1% | +5% | 104 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 19 | 316,663 t 7% | 73.6 | +33% | −2% | 106 |
| Japan | 42 | 302,689 t 7% | – | – | – | – |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 27 | 264,252 t 6% | 57.0 | +3% | −7% | 96.7 |
| South Korea | 33 | 257,082 t 6% | 49.2 | −11% | +8% | 114 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 12 | 112,098 t 3% | 44.7 | −19% | −5% | 106 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 5 | 78,645 t 2% | 76.3 | +38% | −50% | 71.5 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 5 | 73,535 t 2% | 77.2 | +40% | −16% | 81.2 |
| United States | 10 | 69,825 t 2% | 49.4 | −11% | +11% | 109 |
| Singapore | 7 | 68,038 t 2% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 6 | 47,849 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 55.3 g CO₂/t·nm and 103 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Gas carrier (LPG) · 371 ships · 34% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Gas carrier (LPG) | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Gas carrier (LPG) medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 74 | 476,560 t 19% | 33.5 | −6% | 0% | 82.5 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 41 | 349,545 t 14% | 47.4 | +32% | −1% | 78.6 |
| Singapore | 55 | 340,148 t 13% | 35.6 | −1% | −9% | 70.2 |
| Panama | 48 | 249,508 t 10% | 40.5 | +13% | −3% | 102 |
| Marshall Islands | 32 | 209,938 t 8% | 23.6 | −34% | −3% | 75.2 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 19 | 188,471 t 7% | 23.4 | −35% | −4% | 100 |
| Bahamas | 11 | 144,667 t 6% | 16.9 | −53% | +13% | 119 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 13 | 112,391 t 4% | 41.9 | +17% | −8% | 74.4 |
| Isle of Man | 10 | 71,039 t 3% | 127 | +253% | +23% | 73.5 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 7 | 59,716 t 2% | 140 | +290% | +28% | 70.2 |
| Algeria | 6 | 56,593 t 2% | 32.6 | −9% | +16% | 117 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 7 | 46,424 t 2% | 117 | +228% | +6% | 69.6 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 9 | 39,427 t 2% | 40.2 | +12% | −9% | 117 |
| Unknown | 5 | 38,571 t 2% | – | – | – | – |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 4 | 38,190 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 35.8 g CO₂/t·nm and 80.4 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Con-ro · 70 ships · 90% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Con-ro | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (volume)g/m³·nm, median ship | vs Con-ro medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 37 | 683,868 t 55% | 9.15 | −2% | −2% | 136 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 6 | 231,897 t 19% | 46.3 | +395% | +395% | 156 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 9 | 137,031 t 11% | 4.54 | −51% | −51% | 161 |
| Marshall Islands | 5 | 49,957 t 4% | – | – | – | – |
| SpainEU/EEA | 2 | 39,470 t 3% | – | – | – | – |
| Saudi Arabia | 6 | 31,563 t 3% | 8.11 | −13% | −13% | 95.8 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 2 | 30,181 t 2% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 1 | 20,991 t 2% | – | – | – | – |
| Bahamas | 2 | 20,665 t 2% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 9.36 g CO₂/m³·nm and 136 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Reefer · 139 ships · 15% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Reefer | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Reefer medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | 74 | 413,432 t 45% | 64.4 | +10% | 0% | 77.6 |
| Liberia | 25 | 236,887 t 26% | 42.4 | −28% | −2% | 86.0 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 4 | 121,594 t 13% | – | – | – | – |
| Panama | 23 | 73,872 t 8% | 48.7 | −17% | −16% | 63.1 |
| Singapore | 3 | 25,020 t 3% | – | – | – | – |
| Barbados | 2 | 24,244 t 3% | – | – | – | – |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 1 | 10,244 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 1 | 5,283 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Russia | 2 | 5,142 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Curacao | 1 | 1,914 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 1 | 1,091 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Japan | 1 | 976 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 1 | 835 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 58.7 g CO₂/t·nm and 80.6 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Cruise · 18 ships · 46% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Cruise | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (pax)g/pax·nm, median ship | vs Cruise medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | 5 | 194,002 t 48% | 560 | −18% | −18% | 347 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 2 | 92,240 t 23% | – | – | – | – |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 3 | 67,160 t 16% | – | – | – | – |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 4 | 24,306 t 6% | – | – | – | – |
| Panama | 1 | 18,160 t 4% | – | – | – | – |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1 | 7,226 t 2% | – | – | – | – |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 1 | 4,328 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 1 | 361 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 686 g CO₂/pax·nm and 207 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Combination · 10 ships · 31% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Combination | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Combination medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 5 | 19,726 t 51% | – | – | – | – |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 3 | 12,133 t 31% | – | – | – | – |
| Liberia | 1 | 5,606 t 14% | – | – | – | – |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1 | 1,428 t 4% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 21.5 g CO₂/t·nm and 97.9 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Offshore · 6 ships · 100% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Offshore | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Offshore medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 5 | 18,535 t 89% | 48.8 | 0% | 0% | 38.0 |
| PolandEU/EEA | 1 | 2,356 t 11% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 48.8 g CO₂/t·nm and 38.0 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
How the flag is estimated
The port of registry is typed by each company, so one port appears in many forms ("Monrovia", "MONRAVIA", "Monrovia, Liberia"). Navalyze matches 570 spellings in 2024 to 83 flags. 385 reports leave the port blank; 242 of them take the flag the same ship (IMO number) has in its nearest other reporting year, and the rest stay unknown. 50 ports could not be matched.
The estimate cannot tell second registers apart: NIS and NOR are both Norway, DIS and DAS both Denmark, and the Madeira register is Portugal. A ship that changed flag during the year shows the port named in its report. Some ports could mean two flags; the choices made are:
- Hamilton taken as Bermuda (73 ships under Bermuda)
- George Town / Georgetown taken as Cayman (51 ships under Cayman Islands)
- Leirvik taken as Faroe (operators are Faroese) (14 ships under Faroe Islands)
- NIS and NOR registers both shown as Norway (357 ships under Norway)
- DIS and DAS both shown as Denmark (259 ships under Denmark)
- Mata-Utu (Wallis and Futuna), French register (105 ships under France)
- Tripoli taken as Libya (operator is Libyan) (7 ships under Libya)
- Portsmouth taken as Dominica (low confidence) (1 ship under Dominica)
Not matched: Montreal (SUNNANVIK), Batumi (DIOSCURIA), Bolshoy port of St.Petersburg (NOVIY SVET), YOKOHAMA (ASUKA II), FREE TOWN (LADY KHADIJA), Varna (SAKAR), Alofi (LOLO GATE), Sao Tome (DEBBIE), GREECE (HIGHSPEED 3), ST. KITTS & NEVIS (BR LEADER), Bandar Abbas (SHIBA), Qeshm Island (DAISY), Qeshm (KASHAN), Qeshm Island (AZARGOUN), FUKUOKA (SAGITTARIUS LEADER), FUKUOKA (CEPHEUS LEADER), HAIPHONG (HTK FORTUNE), Nexø (TORM VOYAGER), Finström (MISANA), ES SIDER (MAETIGA), BTIDGE TOWN (NEW BORN), Årø (TORM ATLANTIC), Kaohsiung (CHINA STEEL INNOVATOR), Velletta (OCEAN CENTURY), FUKUOKA (ASTERIA LEADER), Gorinchem (MAPLE TULIP), FUKUOKA (THEMIS LEADER), Monroovia (LILA SEOUL), QINGDAO (JU XI), Kotor (KOTOR), Kotor (DVADESETPRVI MAJ), CAO FEI DIAN (RUI NING 20), SHNAGHAI (CHANG HANG HAN HAI), Mjuro (SASEBO GREEN), Bahrain (SEAPEAK BAHRAIN), Kaohsiung (CSC VICTOR), Bolshoy port of St.-Petersburg (IDEL 1), Bolshoy port of St.-Petersburg (IDEL 2), Bolshoy port of St.-Petersburg (IDEL 3), Bolshoy port of St.-Petersburg (ANDREY ZUEV), The Creek (RENAISSANCE), Bolshoy port of St.-Petersburg (PETROTRANS-5901), Bolshoy port of St.-Petersburg (PETROTRANS-5903), Bolshoy port of St.-Petersburg (PETROTRANS-5904), Bolshoy port of St.-Petersburg (PETROTRANS-5905), Bolshoy port of St.-Petersburg (ALEXANDER PYATOV), Bolshoy port of St.-Petersburg (IDEL 4), PING TAN (SHANG DE WU YI SHAN), Panaam, Ciudad de (PRINCE), Stranraer (STENA CLEAR SKY).
Totals count each ship once a year: a part-year report of a ship that also has a full-year report is left out, as on every other page. The flag also shows on each ship page.